"For almost 1,000 years that wall of Constantinople defended Western Christendom-only to be compromised by Crusaders and finally breached by Turkish cannons." Article from Military History magazine.

"This tour describes the development of painting and sculpture in Siena during the 13th-16th centuries. An illustrated description of Siena and the short history of the town is also given. The art of the greatest masters (Duccio, Simone Martini, the Lorenzetti) can be studied in-depth by taking one of the detailed sub-tours. Special attention is paid to the subject of Maestà, popular in Sienese art." Not exclusively medieval but extensive.

Brief historical introduction to Carcassonne. Includes sections on the walled city, Catharism, and war machines.

Website of medieval archaeology research group at Padua University. Activities, projects and staff.

For architecture, the main interest of this site is the image archive. There are excellent maps and images of the medieval city. From a literature view point, there are also a number of historical texts which came out of medieval Tournai.

"A magnet for centuries to competing armies, Acre at last would be leveled-but not before it would house both warring Christians and Muslims." Article from Military History magazine.

"Enter this website for a building by building description of Ani, plus some of the medieval Armenian churches, monasteries and castles that are in the vicinity of the city and that are now within Turkish controlled territory."